Matter

States of Matter

• Solid Liquid Gas duh
• Plasma
• Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Superfluids
• Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Superionic Ice
• Degenerate State

Phase Changes

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Properties of Matter

Intensive Properties are properties that do not depend on the amount of matter in a substance. Extensive Properties are properties that depend of the amount of matter in a substance.

• Specific Gravity is the ratio of a sample’s density and the density of a reference substance (usually water.) $SG=\frac{P_{sample}}{P_{reference}}$
• Apparent Specific Gravity is the ratio between the weights of equal volumes of a sample and water. $S{G}_{apparent}=\frac{W_{sample}}{W_{water}}$
• True Specific Gravity is the ratio between weights of equal volumes of a sample and water. $S{G}_{true}=\frac{W_{vsample}}{W_{vwater}}$

Classification of Matter

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Pure Substances are made of only one kind of substance and has constant properties and composition and cannot be physically separated.

1. Elements are made of only one kind of atom.
2. Compounds are made up of only one type of Molecule.

Mixtures are made up of two or more different kinds of Pure Substances.

1. Homogenous Mixtures are mixtures where only one phase is discernible.
2. Heterogenous Mixtures are mixtures where two or more distinct phases are discernible.